The Context

The basis of contemporary Native architecture lies within thousands of years of history and the vast land area of the Americas . These factors foster great geographic and cultural differences, from which a regional architecture developed. Traditional architecture has, therefore, varied among Native subcultures. For example, the Iroquoian society, in the northeast, built in the Longhouse form. The inspiration for this type of structure was based on the local materials and climate. The bark from the birch tree and other abundant wood resources formed the structure, and the cold climate with heavy snows and strong winds inspired the architectural form. In the southwest, the Navajos responded differently to their local environment by building compact communities that could moderate the hot day sun and the cold nights. Their communities were built into or carved out of mountains and mesas. This type of structure utilizes a form of passive cooling and heating and demonstrates an understanding of specific engineering principles coming back into practice today.Despite the differences in architectural form, there existed a common symbolism. This can be seen in the arrangement of materials and design of Native architecture. The Algonquin, Iroquoian and Mayan people preferred to have their doors and openings face to the East. An opening facing east captures the first light of the day. This arrangement suggests renewal and is known to represent the presence of an open mind and heart. The relationship of structure to ground and ground to surrounding spaces was carefully controlled. Buildings have a comfortable relationship with the earth. Structures are not often placed above the ground plane, but grow out of the landscape or rest easily on it. This type of building practice is in keeping with the close relationship Native people share with Mother Earth and the necessary respect they give it.